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2016-04-21

紫外线具有很高的能量,适量的紫外线有益于身体的健康,但长期的紫外辐射容易伤害眼睛和皮肤并诱发疾病甚至引发癌症;同时,紫外照射是多数聚合物材料户外老化的最大诱因,容易导致性能下降并产生黄变现象。近年来,由于臭氧层遭到破坏,来自太阳的紫外线辐射不断增强,用于门窗、车窗、天顶及天窗等领域的高透明紫外屏蔽材料的开发与应用愈显迫切,它是指在保证可见光正常透过的前提下,减少材料对紫外线的透过率,达到紫外屏蔽的效果。其中,应用前景最广、开发难度最大的是基于透明高分子材料的紫外屏蔽复合材料。

黑色素(melanin)是结构单元含有酚羟基和氨基的一类大分子,广泛存在于动植物中,能够有效地吸收紫外线,具有光保护特性。基于这一点,江南大学化工学院东为富教授和博士生汪洋将天然鱿鱼黑色素与聚乙烯醇(PVA)通过溶液共混制备了纳米复合材料,当加入少量的黑色素时(2 wt%),材料可以屏蔽波长小于330nm的紫外光,表现出优异的紫外屏蔽性能,而且,抗紫外老化性大幅提高(图1),避免了传统无机紫外光吸收剂的光催化诱导聚合物降解问题,同时复合材料保持良好的透明性(透光率>80%)。


1 PVA/黑色素复合材料的紫外光屏蔽性能

由自然到仿生,该课题组利用多巴胺制备了不同尺寸的合成黑色素纳米颗粒,通过黑色素与PVA 分子间氢键作用,拉伸强度提高至172 MPa,弹性模量达3.15 GPa,聚合物的力学性能显著提高,对比目前的文献报道,其增强效果处于较高水平(图2),好于其他纳米复合材料,如碳纳米管、石墨烯等增强材料

a):目前文献中报道的PVA复合材料的力学性能;(b):PVA/黑色素-2wt%复合材料TEM照片

相关成果发表在(ACS Sustainable Chemistry &Engineering, 2016,4, 2252−2258RSC Advance,2015, 5, 72691–72698.)及2项专利申请(CN201610238013.1;CN201610236815.9)。为此,该团队将进一步开发聚碳酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯高性能、紫外屏蔽材料。

摘要速递:

Simultaneous Enhancements of UV-Shielding Properties and Photostability of Poly(vinyl alcohol) via Incorporation of Sepia Eumelanin

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b01734

March 13, 2016

Sepia eumelanin (SE), a biomacromolecule, was developed  to  prepare  the  excellent  UV-shielding  polymer material  with  better  photostability.  UV−vis  transmittance spectra showed that poly(vinyl alcohol) PVA/SE film blocked most  ultraviolet  light  below  300  nm  even  with  a  low  concentration  of  SE  (0.5  wt  %),  which  still  kept  its  high transparency  in  the  visible  spectrum.  Rhodamine  B  photo- degradation measurement further confirmed the excellent UV-shielding properties of PVA/SE film. FTIR indicated that the carbonyl absorption bands resulting from phtodegradation for  PVA/SE film did not change after UV exposure for 2700 h. The tensile properties of neat PVA were deceased intensely after UV irradiation; however, those of PVA/SE film were reduced a little. Moreover, AFM indicated that the surface roughness of PVA/SE film was much lower than that of a neat PVA one. It could be concluded that SE reduced the PVA degradation rate dramatically, revealing enhanced photostability of PVA/SE film. The mechanism for outstanding UV-shielding properties and photostability of PVA/SE film was illuminated, based on the formation of charge transfer complexes (CTCs) between SE and PVA, photothermal conversion, and the well-known radical scavenging capabilities of SE.



————来源:高分子科学前沿


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